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Rhinitis Intake

Allergic Rhinitis

Comprehensive evaluation and treatment of allergic nasal symptoms.

Symptomstriggersseasonal vs perennialtestingOTC/Rx pathwayprevention
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Overview

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa triggered by exposure to allergens. It affects millions of people worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life.

symptoms

  • Sneezing, especially in fits
  • Runny nose (rhinorrhea)
  • Nasal congestion
  • Itchy nose, eyes, ears, or throat
  • Post-nasal drip
  • Watery, red, or swollen eyes

triggers

  • Pollen (trees, grasses, weeds)
  • Dust mites
  • Pet dander (cats, dogs)
  • Mold spores
  • Cockroach allergens

types

seasonal

Symptoms occur during specific seasons when certain pollens are in the air.

perennial

Symptoms occur year-round, typically triggered by indoor allergens like dust mites, pet dander, or mold.

testing

  • Skin prick testing (SPT) - most common and reliable
  • Intradermal testing - when SPT is negative but suspicion is high
  • Serum IgE testing - when skin testing cannot be performed
  • Nasal cytology - to assess inflammatory cells

treatment

otc

  • Oral antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine)
  • Nasal saline irrigation
  • Nasal antihistamine sprays

prescription

  • Nasal corticosteroids (most effective for congestion)
  • Combination nasal sprays
  • Leukotriene receptor antagonists
  • Immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets)

prevention

  • Identify and avoid triggers when possible
  • Use air purifiers with HEPA filters
  • Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons
  • Wash bedding regularly in hot water
  • Shower after outdoor activities during pollen season

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